Ви є тут
Методологічні підходи у дослідженні біорізноманіття в агроекосистемах
В агроекосистемах структура і динаміка таксономічного і функціонального біорізноманіття значно відрізняються від місцевих непорушених ідентичних еталонних типів екосистем та залежать від типу і тривалості господарювання, ступеня екологічності застосованих технологій. Агроекосистеми істотно впливають на біорізноманіття навколишніх територій. Для гармонізації його збереження в агроландшафтах з метою оптимізації сільського господарства необхідне удосконалення методів дослідження. Встановлено, що вибір методологічних основ (принципів, критеріїв і методів) дослідження біорізноманіття залежить від мети та ієрархічного рівня аналізу екосистеми, масштабу досліджуваного питання, оскільки кожна виділена за певним принципом група живих організмів має свої особливості, виявлення і характеристика яких потребує відповідних методів, необхідних знань, спеціального обладнання та інших ресурсів наукового пошуку. Доцільно застосовувати системний підхід, біотичні та/або екологічні критерії й індекси оцінювання/ аналізу різноманітності біоти, співвідношення і характеристики її екологічних груп, індикаторної здатності видів, поліфункціональних зв’язків (всередині таксонів та між ними, а також з їх середовищем) та інші екологічні показники, що описують стан цілісності агроекосистеми, її функціонального різноманіття і динаміки. Градієнтний аналіз за зміною значень визначальних чинників доцільний для зонування розподілу у просторі різних рівнів трансформації агроекосистеми та її біорізноманіття. Ретроспективний аналіз дає змогу виявити причини, охарактеризувати динаміку змін біорізноманіття у минулому і майбутньому та обґрунтувати напрями його збереження.
Ключові слова: різноманіття живих організмів, сільське господарство, методи дослідження, екосистема, зв’язки, екологічні чинники.
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