The impact of main tillage systems and fertilization for crops of a short crop rotation on agrochemical soil properties

The problem statement. For the last two decades in Ukraine a fast decrease in chornozemic soil fertility, especially a decline of its agrochemical properties, has been noticed. One of the way of improvement its fertility is to develop and implement scientifically-based resource-saving and soil-protective system of tillage operations along with rational fertilization of field crops on the tilled soil.
The aim of the research – with the help of a field experiment to define a rational system of main tillage and fertilization of typical chornozemic soil under a grain row five course rotation which provides 5,5 t/ha of dry matter from a tilled field under the expanded reproduction of agrochemical indices of soil fertility and appropriate energetic efficiency.
Conclusions. Under disc and beardless tillage especially of fertilized areas a differentiation of tilled soil layer according to the agrochemical indices of its fertility is observed. A stabilization of humus and general nitrogen content as well as fertilizer elements in a tilled soil layer occurs under application of 8 t/ha of pus + N₇₆P₆₄K_57.
The efficiency of humification processes in soil is the lowest under disc tillage and the highest under beard-beardless and beard tillage in a crop rotation. Along with the increase of soil depth of its tilled layer, annual decrease of its general nitrogen supply on the untilled areas under beard and differential tillage falls down. However, under beardless and disc tillage it increases. An inverse relation is observed on the untilled areas.
Under beard and beard-beardless tillage almost the same crop rotation productivity was obtained, while under beardless and disc tillage the productivity was significantly lower.
For a field grain row five course crop rotation of Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine a deep arable tillage is recommended only in one filed, and in the rest fields beardless and disc tillage with the application of 8 tones of pus per hectare of tilled field + N₇₆P₆₄K₅₇ under a common reproduction and 12 t/ha of pus + N₉₅P₈₂K₅₇ under expanded reproduction of typical chornozemic soil fertility is recommended.
Key words: soil, tillage, crop rotation, fertilizers, fertility, rotation.

Prymak I.

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-3469

Reference:

1. Borshhak, I.S., Venglins'kyj, M.O., Gavryljuk, V.B. (2015). Periodychna dopovid' pro stan gruntiv na zemljah sil's'kogospodars'kogo pryznachennja Ukrai'ny za rezul'tatamy 9 turu (2006-2010 rr) agrohimichnogo obstezhennja zemel' [Periodic report on the status of soils on agricultural lands of Ukraine based on the results of the 9th round (2006-2010) of agrochemical survey of lands]. Kyiv, 118 p.

2. Prymak, I.D. (2010). Ekologichni problemy zemlerobstva [Ecological problems of agriculture]. Kyiv, Center for Educational Literature, 456 p.

3. Baljuk, S.A., Danylenko, A.S., Furdychko, O.I. (2017). Zvernennja do kerivnyctva derzhavy shhodo podolannja kryzovoi' sytuacii' u sferi ohorony zemel' [Appeal to the state leadership to overcome the crisis situation in the field of land protection]. Visnyk s.-g. auky [Bulletin of Agricultural Science], no. 11, pp. 5–8.

4. Popova, O.L. (2013). Ocinka suspil'nyh zbytkiv i rozmiru vidshkoduvannja za pogirshennja jakosti sil's'kogospodars'kyh zemel' [Assessment of public damages and the amount of compensation for the deterioration of agricultural land quality]. Ekonomika Ukrai'ny [Ukraine economy], no. 3(616), pp. 47–56.

5. Tanchyk, S.P., Babenko, A.I. (2015). Obrobitok gruntu v sivozmini [Soil cultivation in crop rotation]. Fermer [Farmer], no. 10 (70), pp. 54–55.

6. Shevchenko, M.V. (2015). Naukovi osnovy system obrobitku gruntu v pol'ovyh sivozminah Livoberezhnogo Lisostepu Ukrai'ny: avtoref. dys. ... doktora s.-g. nauk: 06.01.01 [Scientific bases of soil tillage systems in field crop rotations of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine: author. diss. of Dr. Agricultural Sciences: 06.01.01.]. Dnipropetrovs'k, 40 p.

7. Tkalich, Ju.I. (2013). Agrotehnichni i biologichni zahody pidvyshhennja vrozhajnosti ta kontroljuvannja zabur’janenosti kukurudzy, sonjashnyku, pshenyci ozymoi' v Pivnichnomu Stepu Ukrai'ny: avtoref. doktora s.-g.
nauk: 06.01.01 [Agro-technical and biological measures to increase yield and control of corn, sunflower, winter wheat in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine: author's abstract doctor of Agricultural sciences Sciences: 06.01.01]. Dnipropetrovs'k, 44 p.

8. Cherjachukin, M.I. (2016). Naukove obg'runtuvannja ta rozroblennja zahodiv osnovnogo obrobitku gruntu v zonal'nyh systemah zemlerobstva Pravoberezhnogo Stepu Ukrai'ny: avtoref. dys. doktora s.-g. nauk: 06.01.01 [Scientific substantiation and development of measures for basic soil cultivation in zonal systems of agriculture of the Right Bank of Ukraine: author's abstract diss. doctor of Agricultural sciences Sciences: 06.01.01]. Kyiv, 51 p.

9. Gorbatenko, A.I. (2017). Pidgotovka rilli pid jachmin' [Preparation of arable land for barley]. Fermer [Farmer], no. 7 (91), pp. 32–36.

10. Gavrylov, S.O. (2015). Perestorogy shhodo mini – till [Warnings about mini – tiles]. Fermer [Farmer], no. 5 (65), pp. 20–23.

11. Gangur, V., Len', O., Gangur, Ju. (2015). Efekt minimizacii' [Minimizing effect]. Fermer [Farmer], no. 5 (65), pp. 24–25.

12. Cyljuryk, O.I., Sudak, V.M. (2013). Mul'chuval'nyj obrobitok gruntu pid sonjashnyk [Multicultural cultivation of soil under sunflower]. Agronom [Agronomist], no. 4 (42), pp. 84–88.

13. Zubenko, V.F., Jakimenko, V.N., Ljutaja, Ju.A. (1986). Urozhajnost' kul'tur i balans jelementov pitanija v sveklovichnyh sevooborotah pri raznyh dozah udobrenij i sposobah obrabotki pochvy [The yield of crops and the balance of nutrients in beet-rotations with different doses of fertilizers and methods of tillage]. Vestnik sel'skohozjajstvennoj nauki [Herald of Agricultural Science], no. 11, pp. 50–59.

Download this article:

Attachment	Size
prymak-agro-1-2019.pdf	266.54 KB

YEAR:

2019

AGROBIOLOGY №1 2019

You are here

The impact of main tillage systems and fertilization for crops of a short crop rotation on agrochemical soil properties