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Sugar beet productivity depending on fertilization and crop rotation structure

Due to population growth and the adverse impact of global climate change on crop ontogenesis, ensuring the growth and stability of agricultural production is becoming increasingly important. Optimization of fertilization systems and rational crop rotation design are key factors in maintaining soil fertility, ensuring the stability of soil processes, and creating favorable conditions for plant water regime and mineral nutrition. Sugar beet is a rotation-dependent crop; therefore, research into its fertilization requirements and crop rotation optimization is essential for achieving high and stable yields and product quality. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of fertilizers and crop rotation structure on sugar beet yield and nutrient uptake. The article presents sugar beet yields for 2022–2024 in crop rotation, grainrow, and row crop systems in a long-term stationary field experiment at the Bila Tserkva Research and Breeding Station, established in 1976. Mineral and organo-mineral fertilization systems were applied. Crop management practices were generally accepted for the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The results demonstrate the influence of crop rotation structure and fertilization systems on sugar beet yield and nutrient removal from the soil. It was found that in grain-row crop rotation, the use of an alternative organo-mineral fertilization system resulted in the highest sugar beet yields and the greatest potassium removal from the soil, indicating the need for increased attention to potassium fertilization. In the control (no fertilizers), sugar beet yield was higher in crop rotation compared to grain-row crop rotation by 0.20 t/ha and compared to row crop rotation by 1.7 t/ha. The highest yield in grain-row crop rotation was obtained with N53P42K42 + by-products (48.2 t/ha), exceeding the control by 29.6 t/ha. At the same time, the traditional organo-mineral fertilization system (N53P42K42 + 6.7 t/ha of organic matter) proved effective across crop rotations, ensuring sugar beet yields of 46.2 t/ha in crop rotation and 42.2 t/ha in grain-row crop rotation, exceeding the control by 28.1, 26.3, and 25.1 t/ha, respectively. In the unfertilized control, sugar beet removed from the soil in the studied crop rotations: 68–74 kg/ha of nitrogen, 21–23 kg/ha of phosphorus and 82–89 kg/ha of potassium. The application of fertilizers increased nutrient removal by 56–114 kg/ha for nitrogen, 21–36 kg/ha for phosphorus, and 78–138 kg/ha for potassium.

Key words: sugar beet, yield, nutrients, removal, fertilisers, crop rotation.

Prokopiuk T. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7008-1656


Lozinskiy M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6078-3209


Grabovskiy M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8494-7896


Filitska O. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1544-0845


Samoilyk M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8576-5368


Fedoruk Yu. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-7955


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YEAR: 
2026
AGROBIOLOGY №1 2026