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Mineral composition of nutrient media as a determinant of in vitro cultivation of Allium sativum L.

raulna V., Omelchenko O., Liaskivska O. For the development of commercial seed production and modern scientific research in the field of agricultural production, in particular the cultivation of garden garlic (Allium sativum L.), an urgent task is to improve existing and create new biotechnological protocols for promising varieties. One of the key aspects of this task is the study of the effects of nutrient media with different mineral compositions on the efficiency of in vitro regenerants, which necessitates the selection of optimal conditions for a specific variety. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutrient media differing in mineral composition on the growth and development of garlic plants of the «Ukrainian White Gulyaypolsky» and «Lyubasha» varieties in vitro, with the subsequent possibility of regulating ontogenesis in industrial cultivation conditions. Experimental studies were conducted in the biotechnology laboratory of the «Berry Farm Ukraine» agricultural enterprise and the scientific and educational laboratory «Plant Biotechnology” of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. Cultivation was carried out according to generally accepted methods using MS, B5, Ні, BDS та КВ nutrient media, which differed in mineral composition, at three stages of microclonal propagation: initiation of aseptic culture, multiplication, and rhizogenesis. The results showed varietal differences in the efficiency of in vitro garlic regenerants depending on the mineral composition of the nutrient media. Based on a set of biometric and phenological parameters, the cultivar «Liubasha» outperformed «Ukrainskyi Bilyi Huliaipilskyi», indicating its higher morphogenetic potential in tissue culture. To optimize the microclonal propagation technology of «Ukrainian White», «Huliaipilska», and «Lyubasha» garlic varieties at the stage of introducing explants into aseptic culture, it is advisable to use BDS nutrient medium. The smallest number of vitrified plants was observed in this nutrient medium – 2.4– 2.9 %. At the multiplication stage, it is recommended to use a cyclic scheme of alternating media: four consecutive passages on BDS medium followed by one passage on Ni unloading medium, which ensures the stability of growth processes during long-term cultivation. At the rhizogenesis stage, the use of the KV medium proved to be optimal. The data obtained are the basis for improving biotechnological methods of mass propagation and preservation of the garlic gene pool, and are also of practical interest for selection, in particular in the selection of genotypes with high morphogenetic potential.

Key words: microclonal propagation, mineral composition of the medium, regenerant, unloading medium, aseptic conditions, micro shoots, rhizogenesis.

L. Filipova https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7447-5418


V. Matskevych https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-8033


L. Ezerkovska https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6644-120X


V. Karaulna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-9880


Omelchenko O.


Liaskivska O.


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YEAR: 
2025
AGROBIOLOGY №2 2025