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Residual amounts of organochlorine pesticides in the soil of edaphotopes near poisonous chemical warehouses in Kyiv region

Old, inactive pesticide storage facilities are a critical source of chemical pollution, posing a longterm threat to environmental components, especially soils, surface and groundwater, as well as for public health. Despite international and national bans, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), in particular DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and its metabolites, continue to exist and migrate in the soil cover due to their extremely high persistence, low water solubility, and bioaccumulation capacity. This requires constant monitoring and development of effective remediation methods. The aim of the study was to assess the level and characteristics of soil and vegetation contamination with persistent OCPs, as well as to investigate the phytoindication and phytostabilization properties of local vegetation near inactive pesticide storage facilities. The research was conducted in 2020–2024 in Stavyshche and Skvyra districts of Kyiv region, where old agrochemical storage facilities are located. It has been established that the content of DDT and its metabolites in the soil in the areas near the warehouses exceeds the established hygienic standards (MPC). This confirms that old warehouses are a powerful source of secondary pollution. The dominant component of pollution is DDE (dichlorodiphenylethylene) – the key, most persistent metabolite of DDT, the share of which is up to 70 % of the total amount of detected POPs. The high proportion of DDE indicates a significant antiquity of pollution and intensive processes of its biodegradation (dechlorination) in the soil. Botanical diversity demonstrates a clear dependence, increasing with distance from the immediate area of the warehouse. The greatest resistance to conditions of chronic chemical stress was demonstrated by representatives of the Asteraceae and Poaceae families, which indicates their high tolerance. A number of accumulator species were identified that are able to actively accumulate POPs in their biomass. In particular, wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) showed significant concentrations of toxicants, indicating their potential as phytostabilizers capable of localizing pollution and preventing its further spread.

Key words: organochlorine pesticides, soil contamination, pesticide warehouses.

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