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Spring triticale productivity at different doses of nitrogen fertilizers
Mineral nutrition improvement contributed signifcantly to spring triticale grain yield. On average, during the two years of research, the use of 30–210 kg/ha of active ingredient of nitrogen fertilizers increased it to 6.50–8.36 t/ha or by 14–46 % compared to unfertilized plots (5.71 t/ha). The stability index of yield formation was high – 0.92–0.95. Weather conditions in research years were different. The precipitation level in April – June 2014 made 442.7 mm, and in 2015 – 87.5 mm. In 2014, the application of N30–210 signifcantly increased the grain yield – by 0.81–2.66 t/ha, and in 2015 – by 0.77–2.64 t/ha compared to no fertilizer variant. It is worth noting that the use of phosphorus–potassium fertilizers provided 0.30–0.32 t/ha. The application of 30–210 kg/ha of active ingredient of nitrogen fertilizers increased the protein content in spring triticale grain. During the two years of research, it increased, on average, from 13.7% in no fertilizer variant to 13.8–15.4 % or 1–12 %. The use of phosphorus– potassium fertilizers did not change this indicator. The use of high doses of nitrogen fertilizers (120–210 kg/ha) slightly reduced the stability index of protein content in the grain to 0.87–0.90. In terms of protein yield in triticale grain yield, variants with nitrogen fertilizers have signifcant advantage of unfertilized plots with the stability index of 0.92– 0.99. On average, during the two years of research, this indicator increased by 115–506 kg/ha or 1.1–1.6 times (894–1285 kg/ha) compared to no fertilizer variant. The use of phosphorus–potassium fertilizers increased protein yield to 818 kg/ha or 5 %. Gluten content varied greatly from the use of nitrogen fertilizers. On average, over two years of research, its content increased from 18.7% in no fertilizer variant to 20.4–26.4 % or 9–41 %. Stability index in this fertilizer scenario increased from 0.76 to 0.91. The use of phosphorus–potassium fertilizers had the least effect on gluten content – 19.3 %. In the conditions of the Right–Bank Forest–Steppe in the fertilizer system of spring triticale varieties of Kharkiv Khlibodar type the dose of nitrogen fertilizers is 60–90 kg/ha. In this scenario, the yield is 6.80–7.90 t/ha, protein content – 14.0–14.5 %, gluten content – 23.6– 25.0 %. The grain corresponds to the frst quality class according to SSTU 4762: 2007. Triticale. Specifcations.
Key words: spring triticale, yield, protein content, protein yield, gluten content, nitrogen fertilizers.
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