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The influence of genotype and year conditions on the transgressive variability of stem length in popu-lations of the second generation of soft winter wheat
In 2019–2020, in the conditions of the experimental field of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, populations of F2 hybrids, created by crossing soft winter wheat varieties that differ in the duration of the growing season, were studied. The aim of the work was to establish the degree and frequency of transgressions in the length of the main stem depending on the meteorological conditions of the year and the parental forms selected for hybridization, and to select selectively valuable recombinants for further research.
In 2019, in 40 out of 42 F2 populations, only a positive degree of transgression was established in terms of the length of the main stem, from 2.5 % (Myronivsk early/Kolchuga) to 53.8 % (Zolotokolosa/Shchedra nyva). With the use of maternal cytoplasm of early ripening varieties in four populations, all plants exceeded the extreme maximum values of the parents, and with the hybridization of mid-early, mid-ripening, mid-late varieties, 13 such combinations were studied.
In the conditions of 2020, positive transgressive recombinants were isolated only in six out of 20 populations based on hybridization with the maternal form of early-ripening varieties, and negative ones – in nine. Negative transgressive recombinants were selected in 13 of 21 populations created by crossing mid-early, mid-maturing, mid-late varieties. At the same time, no positive transgressions were found.
The selection of parental pairs differing in precociousness before hybridization expands morphogenesis in F2 populations of soft winter wheat and promotes the selection of both positive and negative transgressive recombinants by the length of the main stem. A significant influence of meteorological conditions and initial forms of hybridization on the formation of stem length and the manifestation of extreme maximum and minimum values in populations of the second generation of soft winter wheat was established.
The use of early-ripening cytoplasm in hybridization has a greater effect on the positive transgressive variability of the length of the main stem in F2 populations compared to medium-early, medium-maturing and medium-late maternal forms.
Key words: degree and frequency of transgressions, soft winter wheat, maturity groups, parent forms, main stem length, F2 populations.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6078-3209Reference:
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