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The economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation depending on a complex of agrotechnical factors

The article presents the results of an economic analysis of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation over a five-year period (2020–2024) under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The aim of the study was to conduct a comprehensive economic evaluation of winter wheat cultivation efficiency depending on fertilization level, variety, plant protection system, and the use of growth retardants, as well as to substantiate optimal technological options for different production strategies. The factorial experiment (36 treatments) included three varieties (Legenda Bilotserkivska, Vozdvyzhenka, and Manera Odeska), three fertilization levels (N60P40K40–N180P90K90), two plant protection systems (conventional chemical and biological), and two growth retardants (Moddus 250 EC and Quantum-Aquasil). The average yield was 7.06 t/ha, ranging from 5.51 to 9.50 t/ha. The variety Legenda Bilotserkivska showed the highest economic efficiency, with a profit of 36,902 UAH/ha and a profitability of 101.3 %. Its advantage over the other varieties amounted to 11–15 thousand UAH/ha. All five of the most efficient treatments identified in the study included this variety, confirming the decisive role of genotype in the economic outcome. The treatment with medium fertilization, chemical plant protection, and Moddus 250 EC demonstrated the highest profitability (118.0 %), with a profit of 42,179 UAH/ha. For farms focused on maximizing gross profit per unit area, the optimal option is the treatment with the highest fertilization level, which ensured a profit of 48,788 UAH/ha, a yield of 9.50 t/ha, and a profitability of 117.6 %. The study also showed that for farms with limited resources, the recommended technology is: Legenda Bilotserkivska + minimum fertilization + chemical protection + Moddus 250 EC, which provides a profit of 28,672 UAH/ha with the lowest production costs (32,400 UAH/ha) and a profitability of 88.5 %.
The optimal technology for achieving maximum profitability can be formulated as follows: Legenda Bilotserkivska + N120P60K60 + chemical protection + Moddus 250 EC (profit of 42,179 UAH/ha; profitability of 118.0 %). For maximizing gross profit, the same technology is recommended with a fertilization level of N180P90K90 (profit of 48,788 UAH/ha; yield of 9.50 t/ha).

Key words: winter wheat, economic efficiency, profitability, production cost, mineral fertilization, plant protection system, return on investment, factorial experiment.

Kononiuk N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5313-4999


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AGROBIOLOGY №1 2026