Role of the seed in crop capacity and quality of sugar beets is significant. Intensive sugar beet production technology is based on high-quality seeds of modern high-yield hybrids.

Sugar beets tend to show difference in seeds quality, mainly in size. This difference may be caused by both breeding pecularity, as by cultivation conditions.

There is a direct relationship between the size and weight of 1,000 seeds, germination readiness, vigor of intergrowth and alignment Within particular parties. Significant seeds quality difference should be considered while the seed is cultivated and prepared.

The aim of research was to determine the biological characteristics and productive properties of sugar beet seeds of different fractions. Experiments were carried out in 2015-2016 in the research fields of  the Training and Research Center of BNAU. In the field experiments, the research area was 25 m², frequency – quadruple.

The experiment scheme included the following options: 1) Bilotserkivskiy odn. 45 (breed), fractions 4.5-5.5 mm, 3.5-
4.5 mm and 3.0-3.5 mm – (control); 2) Zluka (hybrid) fractions 4.5-5.5 mm, 3.5-4.5 mm and 3.0-3.5 mm; 3) Constanta – (hybrid) fractions 4.5-5.5 mm, 3.5-4.5 mm and 3.0-3.5 mm.

The research results found out, that fruits of 3.0-3.5 mm diameter did not provide conditioned seeds with 80 % germination and more. Seed sprouting energy made 73 % in this fraction (Zluka hybrid), which was 7 % higher than the control-Bilotserkivskiy odn. 45 breed. Difference between Constanta hybrid and the control fraction of 3.0-3.5 mm was 3 %.

The highest sprouting energy was marked in 4.5-5.5 mm fractions in all samples: it made 76 % in Bilotserkivskiy sg.45 breed, 77 % in Zluka and 71 % in Constanta breed. Germination energy in 3.5-4.5 mm fraction seeds of different variations was almost the same, sprouting energy in Bilotserkivskiy odn. 45 breed was 69 %, in  Zluka and Constanta hybrids – 70 %.

In the studied samples laboratory germination had the same pattern as the sprouting energy. The lowest germination among 3.0-3.5 mm fraction seeds – 73% – had Bilotserkivskiy odn. 45, Constanta hybrid – 74 %, Zluka hybrid – 79 %. In of 3.5-4.5 mm fractions seed the germination was as follows: Bilotserkiskyy odn. 45 – 75 % , Zluka and Constanta hybrids –
87 % and 76 % respectively. A higher laboratory germination level was noticed in 4.5-5.5 mm fraction seeds as compared with other fractions; it made  87 %  in Bilotserkivskiy odn. 45, 95 % in Zluka hybrid, 80 % in Constanta hybrid.

We studieds the germs emergence dynamics depending on the fractions size in the field conditions. Thus, the study found out that the least quantity of germs on thye 10th day (May, 15) was in 3.0-3.5 mm fraction seed samples – 4-5 ps/m, and the biggest amount of germs was seen in 4.5-55 mm factions samples with 7-8 pcs/m.

Among all the samples higher germination was noticed in Zluka hybrid, and by  May 15 15.05 germination made
5 pcs/m in the seeds of 3.0-3.5mm fraction seed, 6 pcs/m in 3.5-4.5 mm fraction, 8 pcs/m in 4.5-4.5 mm fraction seeds. Constanta hybrid and Bilotserkivskiy odn. 45 breed had lower germination and made – 4,6,7 pcs/m. in the fractions respectively.

High yield indices – 52.4-55.8 t/ha and sugar yield of 8.2-9.4 t/ha were observed in samples where sowing was carried out with 4.5-5.5 mm fractions seeds. The harvest was within 51.6-53.4 t/ha and sugar yield made 7.8-8.5 t/ha under sowing seeds of 3,5-4,5 mm fraction. The lowest crop capacity was observed in 3.0-3.5 mm fraction – from 42.4 to 46.3 t/ha and sugar yield – 6.4 t/ha to 6.9 t/ha.

Among the samples the highest yield index – 55.8 t/ha and sugar yield of 9.4 t/ha was observed in Constanta hybrid in 4.5-5.5 mm fraction. The lowest yield – 52.4 t/ha and sugar yield of  8.2 t/ha was  noted in Zluka hybrid.

The lowest crop capacity index – 42.4 t/ha and sugar sugar yield of 6.4 t/ha was in Bilotserkivskiy odn. 45  breed with 3.0-3.5 mm fraction seed, and almost identical were figures this fraction had in Zluka and Constanta hybrids – crop capacity was 44.6 and 46.3 t/ha respectively and sugar sugar yield of 6.9 t/ha.

Key words: sugar beets, hybrids, seed fraction, seeds germination, seed pelleting.