You are here
Weed infestation of winter wheat fields depending on different tillage systems in short crop rotation
In recent years the culture of arable farming has worsened seriously and soil fertility is decreasing considerably. In fact, classical crop rotations, introduced in a pre-reform period, were lost. Depending on the market condition, the damage of the sown area structure and the alternation of crops in crop rotations, as well as a system of tillage in them, are observed. All this explains field weed infestation and leads to other negative things. Which is why, the problem of weed infestation of all agricultural crops has always been urgent.
Weeds do great damages to agriculture, facilitate the spread of diseases and pests, worsen produce quality, make the work of machines and soil-cultivating devices more difficult, increase energy consumption to produce agricultural output.
Over 1500 kinds of weeds are found in our country, including 300 kinds of those which are the most widely-spread, massive and harmful.
Farm practices, which envisage scientifically-grounded alternation of agricultural crops in crop rotations in compliance with the diversification law, high quality tillage, rational use of fertilizers, timely performance of field work, play a very important role in the efficient control over weeds.
The purpose of the research is to study the regularities of weed infestation in crop rotation fields depending on different tillage systems in short crop rotation.
The research was carried out in the fields of Odesa state agricultural experimental research station of NAAS in 2017. The main method of the research was a field one which was supplemented with analytical studying, measurements, calculations and observations according to the conventional methodology and methodological recommendations in arable farming and crop production.
Pattern of a tillage system in short crop rotation
Variant
of the tillage |
Soil cultivation under a forecrop and a crop
|
||||
fallow, peas
|
winter wheat
|
winter wheat
|
oats
|
winter wheat
|
|
MShShMSh
|
Mouldboard
|
Shallow
|
Shallow
|
Mouldboard
|
Shallow
|
ShShShMSh
|
Shallow
|
Shallow
|
Shallow
|
Mouldboard
|
Shallow
|
WM ShShWMSh
|
Without mouldboard
|
Shallow
|
Shallow
|
Without mouldboard
|
Shallow
|
ShShShShSh
|
Shallow
|
Shallow
|
Shallow
|
Shallow
|
Shallow
|
The analysis of the generalized data about the weed infestation of winter wheat fields which were received in the field of crop rotation with different tillage systems showed the tendency towards the increase of weed number.
As the systematized statistics confirmed, the total number of weeds under various tillage systems did not differ much, except for the tillage under pattern MShShMSh. The best results were observed under moldboard system of tillage (MShShMSh).
When analyzing weed infestation of the 2nd crop of winter wheat, another effect of forecrops and tillage systems was recorded, as compared with the 1st crop. Thus, almost the same weed infestation was recorded on black fallow under two tillage patterns – MShShMSh (49.8 pcs./m²) and WMShShWMShММБМ (50.2 pcs./m²). The worst indicator was received under tillage pattern ShShShMSh (54.5 pcs./m²).
Average indicators of weed infestation after forecrops show the increase of weed number on the 2nd and 4th crop after black fallow, if compared with the 1st crop (winter wheat), and in the 3rd crop, where oats were sown, some decrease of weed number was found: black fallow has the best results in regulating weed number in winter wheat fields (43.4 and 51.8 pcs./m²); after-effect of black fallow remains in the second year, but weed infestation increases, which amounts to 19.8 % as compared with the previous year; in oats fields after black fallow weed infestation decreases by 4.9 pcs./m² and by 13.3 pcs./m², respectively, as compared with the 1st and 2nd crop; on the 4th crop (winter wheat) after black fallow weed number increases to the level of the 2nd crop (50.1 and 51.8 pcs./m², respectively).
Key words: crop rotation, tillage, weeds, winter wheat.
Reference:
1. Ol'hovs'kyj, R.V., Shepina, V.P., Bondareva, O.B., Dergachov, D.M., Ruban, O.G., Topalov, F.G., Aleksandrov,
S.M. (2007). Naukovo-obg'runtovana systema vedennja agropromyslovogo vyrobnyctva Donechchyny [Scientific and reasonable system of agricultural production in Donetsk region]. Donec'k, Vyd-vo KP «Region», 511 p.
S.M. (2007). Naukovo-obg'runtovana systema vedennja agropromyslovogo vyrobnyctva Donechchyny [Scientific and reasonable system of agricultural production in Donetsk region]. Donec'k, Vyd-vo KP «Region», 511 p.
2. Cykov, V.S., Matjuha, L.P. (2006). Bur’jany: shkodochynnist' i systemy zahystu [Weeds: harmfulness and protection systems]. Dnipropetrovs'k, Vyd-vo «Enem», 86 p.
3. Matjuha, L.P., Hejlyk, S.J., Matjuha, V.L. (2005). Bur’jany v zernovyrobnyctvi Stepu [Weeds in Grain Farming of Steppe.]. Karantyn i zahyst roslyn [Quarantine and Plant Protection], no. 1, pp. 26-27.
4. Halymonyk, P.M. (2005). Zahyst roslyn: problemy, perspektyvy [Plant protection: problems, perspectives]. Karantyn i zahyst Roslyn [Quarantine and Plant Protection], no. 1, pp. 4-6.
5. Pot'omkin, V.O. (2002). Nebezpechni konkurenty [Dangerous competitors]. Zahyst Roslyn [Plant Protection], no. 12, pp. 4-5.
6. Narcysov, V.P. (2004). Naukovi osnovy agropromyslovogo vyrobnyctva v zoni Stepu Ukrai'ny [Scientific fundamentals of agro-industrial production in the steppe of Ukraine]. Kyiv, Agrarna nauka [Agrarian science],
pp. 100-118.
pp. 100-118.
7. Prymak, I.D., Jeshhenko, V.O., Man'ko, Ju. P. (2007). Resursozberigajuchi tehnologii' mehanichnogo obrobitku g'runtu v suchasnomu zemlerobstvi Ukrai'ny [Resource-saving technologies of mechanical cultivation of soil in modern agriculture of Ukraine]. Kyiv, KVIC, 272 p.
8. Tanchyk, S.P. (2003). Osnovnyj obrobitok g'runtu pid kukurudzu [Main cultivation of soil under corn]. Visnyk agrarnoi' nauky [Bulletin of Agrarian Science], no. 1, pp. 28-32.
9. Cedev, D., Batmunh, M. (1990). Pochvozashhitnaja obrabotka v zemledelii Mongolii [Conservation tillage farming in Mongolia]. Zemledelie [Agriculture], no. 10, pp. 74-75.
10. Cykov, V.S., Matjuha, L.P. (2003). Udoskonalennja systemy kontrolju zabur’janenosti v Stepu [Improvement of the control system of weeds in the Steppe]. Visnyk agrarnoi' nauky [Bulletin of Agrarian Science], no. 7, pp. 20-24.
11. Dospehov, B.A. (1985). Metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoj obrabotki rezul'tatov issledovanija [Methodology of field experience (with the basics of statistical processing of the results of the research)]. Moscow, Agropromizdat, 351 p.
12. Cikov, V.S., Pikusha, G.R. (1983). Metodicheskie rekomendacii po provedeniju polevyh opytov s zernovymi, zernobobovymi i kormovymi kul'turami [Methodical recommendations for carrying out field experiments with grain, legumes and fodder crops]. Dnepropetrovsk, 46 p.
Download this article:
Attachment | Size |
---|---|
krivenko_2_2017.pdf | 4.9 MB |
YEAR: