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The effect of seed fraction on germination and morphogenesis of Catalpa bignonioides seedlings

In 2025, a study was conducted to study the influence of the sowing qualities of Catalpa bignonioides seeds depending on its fractional composition. For a more in-depth analysis of the effect of morphological characteristics on the sowing qualities of catalpa seeds, the seed material was fractionated according to size and absolute mass. Three fractions were identified: small; medium and large. A direct correlation between seed fraction and germination duration has been identified: the smaller the seeds, the longer the germination period. In laboratory studies, seed fractions of different size showed different germination energy. The highest rate (89 %) was recorded in the variant with a large fraction. The average fraction also demonstrated a relatively high germination energy of 78 %. In contrast, small-sized seeds had a much lower rate – only 11 %. The highest percentage of soil germination was noted in the variant with sowing of large fraction seeds – 92 %. In terms of germination rate, the seeds of this fraction approach the regulatory requirements of DSTU, corresponding to the first quality class. Seeds of the medium fraction also demonstrated high soil germination – 84 %. The lowest germination rate was observed in small fraction seeds – only 47 %, which corresponds to the third class of seed quality. The use of the largest fraction seeds provided more intensive growth of the above-ground part of plants, which was accompanied by a significant increase of the photosynthetic surface area. The data obtained indicate the prospects of using the largest fraction seeds in technologies for growing introduced plants, focused on increasing plant productivity. When conducting an inventory of seedlings obtained from medium and large fraction seeds, a significantly lower rate of plant loss was observed on the 30th day of the experiment, or its complete absence. This trend is most clearly observed in the variant using large seed fractions, where on the 90th day of the experiment there was practically no loss. Thus, the proposed technique of fractional seed separation can be recommended for implementation in ornamental seedling production. Its application makes it possible at the sowing stage to predict the quantity and quality of future planting material, which contributes to increasing the efficiency of growing seedlings of Catalpa bignonioides.

Key words: germination, seedling, germination energy, seed fractionation, assimilating surface, soil germination, morphometric indicators.

Bulat A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9682-4220


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AGROBIOLOGY №2 2025