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Physico-chemical aspects of biological products influence on the abscisic acid content under conditions of hydrothermal stress in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.): integration of biochemical and agronomic markers of adaptation
The hydrothermal stress remains one of the key factors limiting soybean productivity, especially in organic farming. This study aims to investigate the effect of biological products on the abscisic acid content, as well as physiological, biochemical and agronomic indicators of the adaptive capacity of soybeans Khorol variety when grown under hydrothermal stress conditions. Field experiments were conducted in Poltava region in 2022–2024. The pre-sowing seed treatment and crops spraying were carried out with biological products based on mycorrhizal fungi, rhizosphere and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and phytohormones. The dynamics of abscisic acid, relative water content in leaves, stomatal conductance, proline and malondialdehyde concentrations were studied at using biological products and their mixtures, and their connection with crop yield was shown. It has been established that the use of biological products contributed to a decrease in the abscisic acid content by 8–34 %, which indicates a reduction in stress on plants; an increase in the relative water content by 10–28 %, which ensures optimal water status of cells; an improvement in stomatal conductivity by 19–65 % by optimizing stomatal opening to support photosynthesis and control water loss, a decrease in the malondialdehyde concentration by 22– 48 %, which indicates the effective protection of cell membranes from oxidative stress, and ultimately leads to the yield increase by 13–47 %. It has been proven that under water stress conditions, treatment with biological preparations modulates the biosynthesis of abscisic acid and optimizes its regulatory function, which is manifested in coordinated changes in osmoprotective mechanisms, antioxidant defense, and water regime of plants. The triple combination of biological products had the most effective impact on physiological and biochemical adaptation indicators, ensuring a balance between phytohormonal regulation, water regime, antioxidant protection, and soybean crop productivity under conditions of hydrothermal stress.
Key words: proline, malondialdehyde, relative water content, stomatal conductance, crop yield.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-7517Reference:
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