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Selection on improvement of the sugar beet root form

The aim of the study was to create new starting materials of beets with improved oval conical root form, higher weight and sugar content to get high yielding hybrids. Based on the results of the research on root beet form improvement by hybridization of sugar beet root with fodder beet it was proven that the fodder beet can exceed sugar beet on productivity twice under identical agro climatic conditions. To transmit the root-shaped trait, it is not enough to have one crossing with the plants-carriers of the genes controlling the roundness of the form, since the selection of plants in F2 does not exceed 3 % and thus additional cross-breeding is necessary. The estimation of initial forms of beets according to the productivity elements for hybridization is given in the article (the yield of sugar beets recipients samples made 39.7–51.1 t/ha, that of donor of the feed beet variety made 60.5 t/ha). In the hybrid offspring, root crops varied in shape from a spindle-shaped to an oval-conical. Root crops of hybrid specimens of oval and wide-conical shapes were selected, which outweighed the initial forms by productivity: yields – by 3.2–20.8 %, sugar content – by 1.0–3.5 %. Due to the fact that different forms of beets root crops differ in productivity, it is necessary to transfer the form of root crops from fodder beet as more productive to sugar beet. It was noted that sample B11360-68 / Biamara F2 with the highest root mass (780 g) had the highest leaf area of 1.2 m2. The yields made 104.8 % and 103.5 %, respectively by sugar content of the original form. In the second generation we obtained 45.5–59.0 % of root beets with oval and wide-conical shapes and increased by 3.2–20.8 % yield compared to the original forms. The collection of breeding materials of Verkhnyatskiy RSS was supplemented by an oval-conical hybrid specimen and three broad-conical specimens with a smooth root surface that had a less pronounced orthostich and had a high root mass.

Key words: sugar beet, fodder beet, productivity, beet root form, crossing, selection.

 

Krotiyuk L.


Dubchak О. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1473-6935


Andrieieva L.


M. Kornieieva


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AGROBIOLOGY №2 2019