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The possibility of minimizing mechanical cultivation when changing the agrophysical and ecological factors of typical black soil fertility

Three-year (2023–2025) studies on typical medium-loamy chernozem at “Mriya” LLC in Bila Tserkva district of Kyiv region, within a three-field crop rotation, have established that the structural condition of the arable layer of typical chernozem under ploughdisk, disk, and no-till treatments did not differ significantly between tillage options. Under disk and no-till treatments a clear differentiation (heterogeneity) of the arable layer was observed in terms of structural condition across its different parts (0–10, 10–20, 20–30 cm). The content of water-resistant aggregates in the upper part of the arable layer (0–10 cm) was significantly higher under plough-disk tillage, while in the lower part (20–30 cm) it was higher under direct seeding. The absolute difference in the structural condition of the upper (1–10 cm) and lower (20–30 cm) parts of the arable layer during the tillering and full ripeness stages of winter wheat amounted to 2.5 and 2.3 %, respectively, under plow-disk tillage; 9.3 and 7.2 % under disk tillage; and 11.0 and 9.7 % under direct sowing. The bulk density of the arable layer was significantly higher, and total porosity was significantly lower under disk and no-till tillage; however, these values did not exceed critical thresholds – 1.30 g/cm³ and 50 %, respectively. The bulk density exceeded the critical value only in the lower part of the arable layer (20–30 cm) under disk and zero tillage at the time of crop harvesting in the crop rotation. The total porosity of the upper part of the arable layer did not undergo significant changes, while in the middle and lower parts it decreased under disk and no-till tillage. Capillary porosity of the arable layer was practically at the same level in tillage variants at sowing date, but was significantly higher under disk tillage and direct seeding at harvest time. In the middle and lower parts of the arable layer, this indicator significantly increased under disk and zero-tillage. A decrease in non-capillary porosity of the soil was recorded under disking and direct sowing in the 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 0–30 cm layers. Crop yield did not significantly change depending on the treatment option, indicating the possibility of direct sowing into uncultivated soil. On average over three years, the typical yield for shelf-disc, disk, and zero tillage of typical chernozem amounted to 6.23, 6.11, and 6.07 t/ha for winter wheat; 3.50, 3.50, and 3.56 t/ha for soybean; and 3.27, 3.18, and 3.20 t/ha for sunflower, with НІР0,05 values of 0.31, 0.26, and 0.22 t/ha, respectively.

Key words: typical chernozem, crop rotation, tillage, structure, structural density, porosity, yield.

Voytovik M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-2193


Prymak I. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-3469


Kachan L. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5374-3252


Panchenko O. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8130-0811


Obrajyy S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3532-6655


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AGROBIOLOGY №2 2025