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Manifestation of phenotypic dominance in F1 and the degree of transgression in F2 by elements of productivity of the main ear of soft winter wheat
The results of the study of phenotypic dominance in F 1 and the degree of transgression in F2 by elements of productivity: the number and mass of grains and the length of the main ear of soft winter wheat are presented. The selection of parental components for crossing was formed according to the scheme of 7x7 diallel crossings: by productivity (Podolianka, MIP Kniazhna, MIP Yuvileina, MIP Dovira), nutritional direction (Chornobrova, Biliava, Sofivka). In F 1, according to the length of the main spike, heterosis or overdominance was determined in 25 crossing combinations (61.0 %). The highest manifestation of heterosis was found in reciprocal crossings: MIP Kniazhna ↔ Biliava, MIP Yuvileina ↔ Sofivka, MIP Kniazhna ↔ MIP Yuvileina, etc. According to the number of grains in the main spike, heterosis was found in 26 crossing combinations (63.5 %) of MIP Kniazhna ↔ Chornobrova, Chornobrova ↔ MIP Yuvileina, MIP Dovira ↔ MIP Yuvileina, etc. By the mass of grains from the main ear, overdominance was found in 29 crossing combinations (72.5 %) of MIP Kniazhna ↔ Chornobrova, MIP Yuvileina ↔ Biliava, Sofivka ↔ Chornobrova, etc. These groups have the highest value for selection practice. In F 2, most populations signifcantly exceeded parental components, which indicates a signifcant formative process and the possibility of selection. According to the length of the main ear, positive transgression was found in 96.7 % of the hybrid populations. According to the number of grains from the main ear, the degree of positive transgression was determined in 32 hybrid populations (80.9 %). According to the mass of grains from the main ear - in 40 studied populations (97.5 %). A high degree of transgression was characterized by hybrid populations where varieties were used as the maternal form: MIP Kniazhna, MIP Yuvileina, MIP Dovira, Sofivka, Chornobrova, etc.
Key words: winter wheat, F1 hybrids, productivity elements, phenotypic dominance, F2 populations, transgression.
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