A long period of seed germination is a biological feature of Anethum graveolens, as well as other plants of the Apiaceae family is, since the spring period is characterized by unstable conditions of temperature and humidity.
The terms and method of sowing affected the germination of dill seeds. Thus, the highest similarity was noted for the seeds sown on April 20, by wideline-method. These technology techniques have contributed to better dill crop survival, which was 97.9 % by the end of vegetation.
The phenological observation of the growth and development of dill plants have shown that before the phase of sprout-formation the intensity of its growth is quite high. Till the budding-flowering phase the growth rate of Anethum graveolens increased significantly (up to 10cm). The greatest height of its plants (43.1 cm), was observed under winter sowing (November 01) with the row-spacing of 15 cm.
In the process of growth and development of Anethum graveolens we observed the increase in the green mass of crops and their individual parts (stems, leaves, blossoms). Thus, in the flowering phase leaves and stems weight was 7.7-10.2 g of the total weight of the plants, and in the fruit formation phase – 10.0-20.1 g.
The application of technological methods gives the opportunity to get a high rate of productivity of individual plants of Anethum graveolens. For winter sowing with row spacing of 45 cm we obtained the largest mass of dill plants and seeds.
The presented indicators of individual productivity of Anethum graveolens determine the optimal use of rowing technology techniques to implement the crop potential realization.
The most favorable conditions for dill crop high-performance formation plants are created under the winter period of sowing. The row spacing of 45 cm as compared with a solid line sowing, also gave maximal individual performance indexes. The yield of dill shows that green mass and seeds productivity performance indices differ from the individual crop productivity.
More green mass of Anethum graveolens can be obtained under solid mode of seeding compared with the row spacing method. This is quite natural as the row sowing (row spacing of 15 cm) enlarges the density of plants to 35 pieces/m2 versus 15 plants in row width of 45 cm.
The productivity data from the plots as well as high performance of individual productivity of green mass and seeds of dill reveal the advantages of winter sowing.
The research has established the features of dill plants productivity formation depending on sowing time and spatial distribution in the area. The efficacy of winter sowing for productivity formation of spicy culture is confirmed. The later sowing periods (especially April 20) provided a lower yield of green mass dill seeds. The row spacing increase and plant density reduction improve the dill crop individual performance. The sowing terms influenced the passage of phenological phases of plant growth and development.
The biometric indicators of dill plants, the crop capacity of green mass and seeds indicate a preference winter sowing. The row-space increase with decreased d plants ensity promotes individual productivity of Anethum graveolens (mass of plants and seeds). The average data from experiment plots showed that in case of solid row sowing method it is possible to obtain more green mass of dill seeds as compared to the wide-row sowing method due to the increased crops density.
Key words: dill, sowing terms, row spasing, productivity, green mass of plants, crop capacity.
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