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Freezing tolerance of bread winter wheat and its relation with morphological features

In recent years there have been significant changes in weather conditions during wheat growth and development. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between the level of freezing tolerance of bread winter wheat varieties and their morphological features. The study was conducted during 2016–2019 at the V.M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat. 19 bread winter wheat varieties bred at Myronivka were studied. Freezing tolerance of plants was determined according to DSTU 4749:2007 which based on freezing wheat plants in chambers at -18 ºС and -20 ºС with pre-hardening in the open field. The high-frost-tolerant wheat variety Myronivska 808 was used as standard of freezing tolerance. Statistical data processing was performed according to Fisher’s test. Morphological condition of plants was estimated in autumn after vegetation dormancy onset and in spring after its restoration according to the F.M. Kuperman method. The research years were characterized by contrasting weather conditions. It was found that the most bread winter wheat varieties bred at Myronivka have high and medium level of freezing tolerance. Over the years of the research, the elongation of apical cone in the standard variety Myronivska 808 varied from 0.01 to 0.42 mm. In the varieties studied, the elongation of apical cone ranged within 0–0.10 mm (2016– 17), 0.35–0.68 (2017–18) and 0.03–0.32 mm (2018–19). According to the assessment of freezing tolerance, there have been identified valuable bread winter wheat varieties with percent of viable plants over the years of the research exceeding standard variety Myronivska 808 or being at the same level. The varieties MIP Kniazhna, Trudivnytsia myronivska, Lehenda Myronivska, Estafeta myronivska, Vezha myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, MIP Assol were high frost tolerant ones. On average, over the years of the research the varieties MIP Kniazhna, Trudivnytsia myronivska, Lehenda Myronivska, Estafeta myronivska, Vezha myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, and MIP Assol had elongation of apical cone at the level of the Myronivska 808 variety. The variation of the strength and direction of connections between the level of frost resistance and morphological indicators (plant height, length of the growth cone) determined at the time of termination and restoration of winter wheat vegetation was established.

Key words: winter wheat, varieties, freezing tolerance, growth, development, apical cone.

 

Pirych A.


Yurchenko T.


Koliadenko S.


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AGROBIOLOGY №2 2020