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Features of quality indicators of corn grain formation depending on the complex of elements of growing technology

The article presents the results of research on the peculiarities of the grain quality indicators of corn hybrids formation depending on plant density and fertilizer system in conditions of unstable moisture in the right bank of Foreststeppe zone of Ukraine. The aim of the research was to identify the influence of a set of elements of cultivation technology on the quality of corn grain. During 2017–2019, research using field, calculation and statistical methods was conducted in the research field of the training and production center of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University (Bila Tserkva NAU). It was found that on average in the experiment, the earlyripening hybrid of DN PIVYHA corn (FAO 180) had a protein content in grain of 9.96 % and starch – 72.26 %, in the middleearly hybrid of DN ORLYK (FAO 280) protein was 9.08 %, and starch – 73.55 %, while the medium-ripe hybrid DN SARMAT, respectively, 8.86 % and 72.98 %. The maximum values of protein content in the grain of the hybrid DN PIVYHA (FAO 180) were noted by us for the use of mineral fertilizer system and density at the time of harvesting 55 thousand pieces/ha – 10.23 %. However, in the DN ORLYK hybrid, the maximum protein content was also observed for the mineral fertilizer system and for the pre-harvest density of plants of 55 and 65 thousand units/ha. Similar figures were obtained for the hybrid DN SARMAT. The maximum indicators of starch content in corn grain were obtained by us in all studied hybrids at pre-harvest plant density of 55 thousand units/ha and fertilizer with organic fertilizer Organic compost, 7 t/ha, which were respectively 73.40 % (DN PIVIHA) 74.20 % (DN ORLIK) and 73.05 % (DN SARMAT). According to the results of determining the proportions of the influence of factors, it is recorded that the formation of protein content by 32 % is influenced by the fertilizer system, while the hybrid factor remains quite significant – 25 %. It is determined that the conditions of the growing season determine this trait by 23 %, and the density at the time of harvest by 15 %. The content of protein and starch in corn grain depends not only on the biological characteristics of hybrids but also on the direct influence and interaction of experimental factors: fertilizer systems and plant density and their reaction to growing conditions developed during 2017–2019.

Key words: corn, grain, hybrid, fertilizer system, plant density, protein content, starch content.

 

V. Polyakov


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AGROBIOLOGY №2 2020