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Features of growth and development of bean varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) of different maturity groups under foliar feeding

The aim of the study was to determine the features of growth processes of two bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties of different maturity groups under foliar feeding with a phosphorus-containing biopreparation in the conditions of unstable moisture of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research focused on the growth and development processes of two varieties: Apex (medium-early) and Bukovynka (medium-maturing). Field experiments were conducted in 2024–2025 on the experimental plot of the Terezyne Agricultural Enterprise (Bila Tserkva district, Kyiv region) on medium loamy podzolic chernozem typical of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe. It was determined that foliar application of the phosphorus-based biopreparation «Organic Balance Monophosphorus» stimulated growth processes at early stages of ontogenesis, promoted the formation of a stronger root system and more active leaf surface growth. This contributed to better adaptation of plants to drought conditions, especially in 2024, when there was a shortage of precipitation and high temperatures. During the budding and pod formation stages the treated plants produced 11–15 % more ovaries compared to the control, indicating better reproductive potential. Foliar application of the biopreparation also had a positive effect on the grain-filling process. The weight of 1,000 seeds increased from 374 g (control) to 396–416 g, depending on the fertilizer dose, i.e., by 6–11 %. An increase in seed weight was observed in a dry year, confirming the role of phosphorus in increasing seed fullness under conditions of water stress. The average yield of common bean grain in the control variant was 2.57 t/ha, whereas application of 0.5 l/ha increased yield to 2.75 t/ha (+7.1 %), and 1.0 l/ha to 2.89 t/ha (+12.3 %). The maximum effect was observed at the 1.0 l/ha rate, confirming the feasibility of its use in production conditions.

Key words: common bean, Apex variety, Bukovinka variety, foliar feeding, phosphorus fertilizer, yield, disease resistance.

Moroz O. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3954-0536


Karpuk L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5860-5286


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2025
AGROBIOLOGY №2 2025