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Warning: count(): Parameter must be an array or an object that implements Countable in bootstrap_table() (line 238 of /var/www/html/sites/all/themes/bootstrap/templates/system/table.func.php).Changes in agrophysical fertility indicators of typical chornozem and sunflower yield depending on primary tillage and fertilization systems in short crop rotations
In a three-year study (2022–2024) conducted at Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, the highest content of air-dry, agronomically valuable aggregates under sunflower was formed in the arable layer of typical chornozem under a moldboard–non-moldboard tillage system within five-field crop rotations. The structural condition of the arable layer was significantly improved under organo-mineral and organic fertilization systems. Disk and non-moldboard–moldboard tillage increased the content of water-stable aggregates by 2–6 %. At the seedling stage, the bulk density of the upper soil layer (0–10 cm) under non-moldboard–moldboard tillage slightly exceeded the control (by 0.03 g/cm³), while under disk tillage the increase was more pronounced (by 0.07 g/cm³). By the stage of full seed maturity, bulk density values were nearly identical across all treatments.
At the beginning of the growing season, the bulk density of the arable layer was highest under disk tillage and lowest under moldboard–non-moldboard tillage; however, before harvesting, these differences leveled off. At the seedling stage, total porosity of the arable layer under moldboard–non-moldboard tillage was highest with the organo-mineral fertilization system (54.8 %), whereas under non-moldboard–moldboard tillage it reached the highest value with the organic fertilization system (57.3 %). Soil hardness was lowest under moldboard– non-moldboard tillage and highest under disk tillage, although it did not exceed optimal levels. Under disk tillage, sunflower yield decreased; however, in unfertilized treatments, the reduction was insignificant, indicating the potential for minimizing tillage intensity. Under non-moldboard– moldboard tillage, a significant increase in yield was observed in the crop rotation system with mineral and organo-mineral fertilization, in the grain-row crop rotation with organo-mineral fertilization, and in the row crop rotation with mineral fertilization. In other treatments, deviations from the control were insignificant.
Key words: typical chornozem, crop rotation, tillage, fertilization, soil structure, soil composition, soil hardness, yield.
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