You are here

Assessment of soft winter wheat breeding numbers adaptability by the number of grains in the spike

doi: 10.33245/2310-9270-2018-142-2-60-70

In 2011-2017, the competitive testing breeding units of soft winter wheat selected at the Bila Tserkva Research Selection Station of the Institute of Bioenergetic Crops and Sugar Beet of NAAS by hybridizing various ecotypes were examined.
The aim of the research was to determine the reaction norm and parameters of adaptability by the number of grains in the spike ear under changing growing environment in selection winter wheat numbers. Of equal importance was to establish the correlation of the ear grain productivity and the yield structure elements.
Hydrothermal conditions in the research years were contrasting and significantly influenced the growth and development of wheat plants during ontogenesis.
The research revealed a direct correlation between the number of grains in the spike and the grain yield  leveled as a strong one (r = 0.702 ... 0.866) in 2011 and 2012 and as a significant (r = 0.668) in the most unfavorable 2013. The reduced correlation relationships are indicative of the extremely important importance of the grain production in the spike in soft winter wheat yield formation under conditions of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine.
We have established a direct close correlation between the number of grains in the spike and the number of grains in the crop, between the head ear grain weight and the crop weight, crop aboveground weight, main stem weight and the spike weight.
On average for three years, breeding numbers 24 KS (42.6 pcs.) and 54 KS (40.7 pcs.) had significantly higher grain yields in the spike than that of is the best standard of Bila Tserkva semidwarf (35.6 pcs) .
On average for the experiment coefficient of variation (13.9 %), its variability was 1.0–28.7 %, indicating a different reaction of the tested genotypes to the environmental conditions by the number of grains from the spike. Insignificant variation of the spike grain productivity (0.6–4.9 pcs) and low variation coefficients (V = 1.0–6.6 %) are indicated in the selection numbers 26 KS, 22 KS and 42 KS. In this case, genotypes 22 KS and 42 KS had higher than the standard and average for the experiment number of grains in the spike.
The results of the dispersion analysis indicate that the interaction of genotype and the year conditions factors had the greatest impact (53.96 %) on the variability of grains number in the spike. At the same time, the share of variability predermined by the genotype influenced the spike grains formation by 31.02 %, and the conditions of the year influenced only by 7.90 %.
Indicator of homeostatic standards (Hom = 158.97-347.13) exceeded the three breeding numbers: 26 KS (Hom = 2972.19), 22 KS (Hom = 724.23) and 42 KS (Hom = 558.67). By the breeding value the standards (Sc = 21.83–27.94) were dominated by the following: 22 KS (Sc = 34.27), 42 KS (Sc = 32.49), 54 KS (Sc = 32.20), 24 KS (Sc = 30.62), 26 KS (Sc = 29.54), 8 KS (Sc = 28.76) and 29 KS (Sc = 28.26).
High indicators of ZAZ by the number of grains from the spike as compared with the standards (ZAZ = 52.46) were typical of the following breeding numbers 24 KS (ZAZ = 67.99), 54 KS (ZAZ = 58.29), 22 KS (ZAZ = 54.69), 44 KS (ZAZ = 53.99) and 42 KS (ZAZ = 52.86).
The genotype breeding value indicator by the number of grains in the spike, exceeded  the standard variety of the Forest-steppe Pearl (GBV = 22,10) for their breeding value: numbers 22 KS (GBV = 31.44), 26 KS (GBV = 29.00), 42 KS (GBV = 28.60) and 54 KSCOP (GBV = 22.69).
The breeding number 22 KS (steppe ecotype / US) is the first in the variety adaptability rate. Breeding numbers 42 KS, 54 KS and 24 KS, which optimally combined indicators of the grains number in the spike and adaptability parameters rate from the second to fourth in the varieties adaptability rate.
Conclusions and further research prospects. 1. Grains number in the spike has a significant impact on the winter wheat spike productivity formation under conditions of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine.
2. Detection of correlation between quantitative signs engaged in yields formation enables  to set the model parameters for further genotypes in future varieties.
3. The dispersion analysis has established that the variability of the grains number in the spike was mostly conditioned (53.96 %) by the interaction of factors of the genotype and the year conditions. At the same time, the share of variability predetermined by the genotype was 31.02 %, and the effect of the year was only 7.90 %.
4. Breeding numbers 22 KS (steppe ecotype / USA), 42 KS (steppe ecotype / forest-steppe ecotype) and 54 KS (forest-steppe ecotype / forest-steppe ecotype) hold high positions in the variety adaptability rate by the grains number in the spike.
We included the soft winter wheat  breeding numbers 22 KS, 42 KS and 54 KS with the optimal combination of the grains number in the spike and the parameters of plasticity and stability, allocated on the basis of the research results into further selective work for setting the source material and varieties with a high level of productivity and adaptability to the conditions of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine.
Key words: soft winter wheat, breeding numbers, ecotypes, number of grains, spike, correlation relationships, adaptability parameters, adaptation rating.
 
Reference: 
1. Sil's'ke gospodarstvo Ukrai'ny [Agriculture of Ukraine]. Roslynnyctvo [Plant growing]. 2013, 82 p.
2. Gadzalo, Ja.M., Kyrychenko, V.V., Dzjubec'kyj, B.V. Strategija innovacijnogo rozvytku selekcii' i nasinnyctva zernovyh kul'tur v Ukrai'ni [Strategy of innovative development of breeding and seed production of grain crops in Ukraine]. Kyi'v-Harkiv-Dnipro – 2016 [Kiev-Kharkiv-Dnepr – 2016], 32 p.
3. Burdenjuk-Tarasevych, L.A., Lozins'kyj, M.V. Pryncypy pidboru par dlja gibrydyzacii' v selekcii' ozymoi' pshenyci T. aestivum L. na adaptyvnist' do umov [Principles of selection of steam for hybridization in winter wheat selection T. aestivum L. on adaptability to conditions]. Faktory eksperymental'noi' evoljucii' organizmiv: zb. nauk. pr. Nacional'na akademija nauk Ukrai'ny, AN Ukrai'ny, Instytut molekuljarnoi' biologii' i genetyky, Ukr. t-vo genetykiv i selekcioneriv im. M.I. Vavylova [Factors of Experimental Evolution of Organisms: collected works National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ukrainian Society of Genetics and Breeders named after M.I. Vavilov]. Kyi'v, Ukrainian Society of Genetics and Breeders M.I. Vavilov, 2015, Vol. 16, pp. 92-96.
4. Lytvynenko, M.A. Realizacija potencialu pshenychnogo polja [Realization of the potential of the wheat field]. Nasinnyctvo [Seed production], no. 6, 2011, pp. 1-7.
5. Machold, J., Honeremeier, B. Impact of climate change on cultivar choice: adaptation strategies of farmers and advisors in German gereal production. Agronomy, 2016. Vol. 6 (40).
6. Morgun, V.V., Ljashok, A.K., Grygorjuk, I.P. Suchasnyj stan problem termorezystentnosti ozymoi' pshenyci u zv’jazku z global'nymy zminamy klimatu [The current state of winter wheat winter resistance in connection with global climate change]. Fyzyol. y byohym. kul't. rast [Fiziol. and biochem. cultivated plants]. Kyiv, 2003, Vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 463-493.
7. Chepur, G.T., Gumenjuk, O.V., Marchenko, M.V. Geografichno viddaleni sorty ozymoi' pshenyci rozsadnyka 14th FAWWON jak vyhidnyj material dlja selekcii' [Geographically distant winter wheat varieties of 14th FAWWON nursery as source material for breeding]. Naukovo-tehnichnyj bjuleten' Myronivs'kogo instytutu pshenyci im. V.M. Remesla [Scientific and technical bulletin of Mironovsky Institute of Wheat named V.M. Remesla]. Myronivka, 2009, Issue 9, pp. 33-43.
8. Ternovskaja, T.K., Antonjuk, M.Z. Genomnaja i hromosomnaja inzhenerija pshenicy dlja ispol'zovanija geneticheskogo potenciala ee dikorastushhih sorodichej. Idei N. I. Vavilova v sovremennom mire [Genomic and chromosomal engineering of wheat to use the genetic potential of its wild relatives. Ideas N. I. Vavilova in the modern world]. Tezisy dokladov ІІІ Vavilovskoj mezhdunarodnoj konferencii. Sankt-Peterburg, 6-9 nojabrja 2012 g [Abstracts of the third Vavilov international conference. St. Petersburg, November 6-9, 2012]. St. Petersburg, VIR, 2012, 215 p.
9. Luk'janenko, P.P. Osnovnye itogi rabot po selekcii ozimoj pshenicy na Kubanskoj sel'skohozjajstvennoj opytnoj stancii [The main results of the work on the selection of winter wheat at the Kuban Agricultural Experimental Station]. Izbr. Trudy [Selected Works]. Moscow, Kolos, 1973, pp. 11–33.
10. Lelli, Ja. Selekcija pshenicy: teorija i praktika [Wheat selection: theory and practice]. Moscow, Kolos, 1980, 384 p.
11. Formirovanija urozhaja osnovnyh sel'skohozjajstvennyh kul'tur [Formation of the harvest of major crops]. Moscow, Kolos, 1984, 367 p.
12. Suhorukov, A.F. Izmenchivost' jelementov produktivnosti sortov ozimoj pshenicy v uslovijah zasuhi [Variability of productivity elements of winter wheat varieties under drought conditions]. Selekcija i semenovodstvo [Selection and seed production]. Moscow, 1989, no. 3, pp. 10–12.
13. Zhogin, A.F. O princypah modelirovanija karlikovyh sortov ozimoj mjagkoj pshenicy [About the principles of modeling dwarf varieties of winter soft wheat]. Sel'hoz. Biologija [Agricultural. Biology]. Moscow, 1999, no. 3, pp. 33-39.
14. Orljuk, A.P. (2012). Genetyka pshenyci z osnovamy selekcii' [Wheat Genetics with Basics of Selection]. Kherson, Ajlant, 436 p.
15. Shpaar, D. (2012). Zernovye kul'tury: vyrashhivanie, uborka, hranenie i ispol'zovanie [Crops: growing, harvesting, storage and use]. Kyiv, Publishing House “Zerno”, 704 p.
16. Burdenjuk-Tarasevych, L.A., Lozins'kyj, M.V. Zernova produktyvnist' linij pshenyci m’jakoi' ozymoi' otrymanyh vid shreshhuvannja bat'kivs'kyh form riznogo ekologo-geografichnogo pohodzhennja [Grain productivity of soft winter wheat lines obtained from cross-breeding of parental forms of various ecological and geographical origin]. Agrobiologija: zbirnyk naukovyh prac' [Agrobiology: collected works]. Bila Tserkva, 2014, no. 1 (109), pp. 11-16.
17. Kuperman, F.M. (1982). Biologija razvitija kul'turnyh rastenij [Biology of the development of cultivated plants]. Moscow, High school, 343 p.
18. Burdenjuk-Tarasevych, L.A. Vyvchennja ta vykorystannja v selekcii' ozymoi' pshenyci genetychnogo riznomanittja, shho vynyklo vnaslidok oprominennja v zoni avarii' Chornobyl's'koi' AES [Study and use in winter wheat selection of genetic diversity that arose as a result of irradiation in the Chernobyl accident area]. Tezy dopovidej mizhnarodnoi' naukovo-praktychnoi' konferencii' “Genetychni resursy dlja adaptyvnogo roslynnyctva: mobilizacija, inventaryzacija, zberezhennja, vykorystannja” [Abstracts of the international scientific-practical conference "Genetic resources for adaptive plant growing: mobilization, inventory, preservation, use"]. Obroshyno, 2005, pp. 75-77.
19. Vlasenko, V.A. Ocinka adaptyvnosti sortiv pshenycja m’jakoi' jaroi' [Assessment of the adaptability of soft wheat varieties]. Sortovyvchennja ta ohorona prav na sorty roslyn [Variety study and protection of rights to plant varieties]. Kyiv, Alefa, 2006, pp. 93-103.
20. Kyrylenko, V.V. Novyj pidhid u selekcii' ozymoi' m’jakoi' pshenyci z pidvyshhenym rivnem adaptyvnosti do ekstremal'nyh umov vyroshhuvannja v Lisostepu [New approach in the selection of winter wheat with a high level of adaptability to extreme conditions of growing in the forest-steppe]. Naukovo-tehnichnyj bjuleten' Myronivs'kogo instytutu pshenyci im. V.M. Remesla [Scientific and technical bulletin of Mironovsky Institute of Wheat named V.M. Remesla]. Myronivka, 2009, Issue 9, pp. 51-63.
21. Burdenjuk-Tarasevich, L. Pshenica. Glubina geneticheskogo potenciala [Wheat. Depth of genetic potential]. Zerno [Corn], 2010, no. 4 (48), pp. 49-51.
22. Bazalij, V.V., Babenk,o S.M., Lavrynenko, Ju.O., Plotnik, S.Ja., Bojchuk, I.V. Selekcijna cinnist' novyh sortiv ozymoi' pshenyci serbs'koi' selekcii' za parametramy adaptyvnosti vrozhajnosti zerna pry riznyh umovah vyroshhuvannja [Breeding value of new varieties of winter wheat of Serbian breeding by parameters of grain yield adaptability under different growing conditions]. Faktory eksperymental'noi' evoljucii' organizmiv: zb. nauk. pr. NAN Ukrai'ny, NAAN Ukrai'ny, AMN Ukrai'ny, Ukr. t-vo genetykiv i selekcioneriv im. M.I. Vavylova [Factors of Experimental Evolution of Organisms: collected works National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ukrainian Society of Genetics and Breeders named after M.I. Vavilov]. Kyiv, Logos, 2010, pp. 94-98.
23. Volkodav, V.V. Metodyka derzhavnogo vyprobuvannja sortiv roslyn na prydatnist' do poshyrennja v Ukrai'ni: Zag. chast [The method of state testing of plant varieties for suitability for distribution in Ukraine: the common part]. Ohorona prav na sorty roslyn: Oficijnyj bjul [Protection of plant variety rights: Official bulletin]. Kyiv, Alefa, 2003, Issue 1, part 3, 106 p.
24. Guzhov, Ju.L., Kesavarao, P.S., Vellanky, R.K. (1987). Trytykale – dostyzhenyja y perspektyvы selekcyy na osnove matematycheskogo modelyrovanyja [Triticale – achievements and prospects of selection based on mathematical modeling]. Moscow, Publishing house UDN, 232 p.
25. Rokyckyj, P.F. (1973). Byologycheskaja statystyka [Biological statistics]. Minsk, High school, 320 p.
26. Dospehov, B.A. (1985). Metodyka polevogo opyta [Field experience]. Moscow, Agropromyzdat, 351 p.
27. Finlay, K.W., Wilkinson, G.N. The analysis adaptation in a plant breeding programme. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 1963, Vol. 14, pp. 742-754.
28. Hangyl'dyn, V.V., Lytvynenko, N.A. Gomeostatychnost' y adaptyvnost' sortov ozymoj pshenycы [Homeostaticity and adaptability of winter wheat varieties]. Nauch.-tehn. bjul. VSGY [Scientific-tech. bullet WSSI], no. 18-1981, Issue 1 (39), pp. 8-14.
29. Kyl'chevskyj, A.V., Hotyleva, L.V. Metod ocenky adaptyvnoj sposobnosty y stabyl'nosty genotypov, dyfferencyrujushhej sposobnosty sredy. Soobshhenye I. Obosnovanye metoda [Method for assessing the adaptive ability and stability of genotypes, differentiating ability of the environment. Message І. Justification method]. Genetyka [Genetics]. 1985, Vol. XXI, no. 9, pp. 1481-1489.
30. Snedekor, Dzh. U. (1961). Statystycheskye metodы v prymenenyy k yssledovanyjam v sel'skom hozjajstve y byologyy [Statistical methods applied to research in agriculture and biology]. Moscow, Agricultural Publishing House, 503 p.
31. Shul'gyn, A.M. (1978). Agrometeorologyja y agroklymatologyja [Agrometeorology and agroclimatology]. Lenyngrad, Hydrometeoizdat, 200 p.

 

Download this article: 
AttachmentSize
PDF icon lozinskiy_2_2018.pdf269.9 KB