Cultural Garlic (Allium sativum L.) belongs to the family of onion (Alliaseae), onion type (Allium L.). Garlic is one of the ancient vegetable crops. The first evidence of it related to the time of ancient Egypt. Garlic, as well as other cultures in the process of growing is affected by many diseases. The research resulted in stating that grey-green mold and fusariose rot are the most common and dangerous garlic diseases. Pathogens of fusariose rot (Fusarium equiseti) and grey-green mold (Penicillium expansum) were isolated from infected garlic bulbs. They were identified and specified. Spread and harmfulness of fungal diseases of plant material researched during storage on different resistant varieties. Studied the sources and pathways of garlic diseases. Pathogens Fusarium rot and grey-green mold usually appear when storing garlic harvest. Therefore, much attention has been given to researching dissemination of fungi of the genus Fusarium and Penicillium during this period.

Fungi of the genus Penicillium are grey-green mold pathogens. The disease occurs during transportation and storage. At the beginning of the disease some garlic cloves become flabby with light yellow spots.

At the beginning brown watery stains appear on garlic, later it gets covered with blue-green coating. If you cut, the affected plants may have grey-brown spots inside. The disease comes out in two months after garlic storage. In dry conditions it mummifies.

It is known that Fusarium rot of garlic – is a disease well-known in many countries – in Japan, Egypt, Bulgaria, Korea, India, Mexico, Hungary, Spain, Argentina, Italy, Germany, USA, Poland and Georgia. Fusariose rot is caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium Link. Fusariose rot can be found on garlic vegetative plants during harvesting and storage. The disease is characterized by wilting, yellowing and dying leaves. Garlic plant material and soil are the main sources of fusariose rot infection. During storage, affected bulbs are soften, darken and get white coating. In a few days garlic rots off. In most cases fusariose rot occurs at +25 °C. Some authors believe that the most favorable temperature for the development of Fusarium is 15.5 ... 21 °C, but the disease can occur also at t + 35 °C. Nebulishvili E.O. believes that the incubation period in laboratory conditions (t + 20-25 °C) is 3-4 days, and in the soil - from 8 to 18 days.

Our results suggest that the spread of pathogens during storage of garlic occurs while healthy follicles are in direct contact with infected ones.

As a result of our research, we used two different resistant garlic varieties: relatively resistant Lyubasha and receptive Dushess. On average during the years of experimentation on the Duchess varieties susceptible to disease lesion was quite common, but most lesions in the ratio of healthy and sick follicles 1:15.

On varieties Lyubasha found the greatest degree of damage in plants with a ratio of healthy and sick 1:15 bulbs, on average, 43.3%.

As a result of research on the establishment of species belonging pathogens Fusarium rot and grey-green mold can be concluded that the disease caused by fungi of the genus Penicillium and Fusarium, Penicillium expansum and Fusarium equiseti.

Further research should focus on the study of biological and chemical measures to protect against diseases of garlic.

Key words: exciter, culture, garlic, desease, harmfulness.