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THE INFLUENCE OF SOIL BACKGROUND OPTIMIZATION AND FOLIAR TOP DRESSING ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN PEAR TREES OF TAVRIISKA VARIETY

The results of the research conducted in the field experiment, laid out in 2015 under the two-factor scheme in triple repetition with the presence of eight accounting trees on each elementary site, are presented. Before laying the experiment agrochemical analysis of the soil revealed the content of mobile forms of potassium by 46 mg/kg less than the average index of optimal level, and nitrate nitrogen (on nitrification ability of the soil) and mobile phosphorus compounds – more than optimal levels. To optimize the soil background, the K2O rate of 598 kg/ha was calculated and introduced, and thus an optimized background of mineral soil nutrition of pears was created with all three major macrocells (NARs).

The scheme of the study included two levels of the content of the compounds available for plants and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) available to plants: not optimized (without soil fertilization) and optimized by applying agrochemical analysis of soil fertilizers calculated on the basis of the results of those macroalgae There were not enough roots in the soil layer (0-60 cm) to the optimum levels (factor A) and four variants of foliar application: 1 – without feeding (spraying the sheet with water), 2, 3 and 4 – spraying with solutions of fertilizers, respectively: P akom plus (Garden Town) – 5 l/ha Wuxal Mikroplant – 3 l/ha and Biohelat "Fruit Culture" – 3 l/ha (factor B). These doses of drugs were dissolved in the calculation of 1000 liters of solution per hectare of the garden.

At sufficient levels of the available plants for plants nitrogen and phosphorus in chernozem common (significantly exceeding the optimal for apple) and inadequate potassium supply (below the optimal content of its exchange forms by 46 mg/kg of soil), an adequate level was created by applying the calculated norm of K2O at 598 kg/ha the feeding of the pear trees with this element and the overall optimized background of their mineral nutrition by main macroelements (NPK), which was maintained throughout the three-year study period.

On the optimized background of soil nutrition of the investigated trees, the main macroelements (NPK) found that the physiological state and resistance to adverse weather conditions in pear trees improved. Significantly high accumulation of chlorophyll in the leaf differed in the trees on an optimized soil background, treated with the drug Wuxal Microplant – 9.87 mg/100 g. More accumulation of sugar content occurred in trees that are on optimized soil background and topically nourishing the drug Wuxal Microplant – 4.0 mg/g.

Key words: pear, Tavriiska, fertilization, foliar nutrition, optimal level, chlorophyll, carbohydrates, dry matter.

 

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