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Influence of seed sowing terms on dry matter content in basil greenery in the conditions of greenhouses

Basil is a high popular crop in the world spice production, due to its versatile use and wide adaptability to growing conditions, both in open soil and greenhouses. Ukrainian market shows annual increase in demand for this crop as well, as there is a substantial customer need for the expansion of vegetable products assortment. At the same time, the yield of basil in Ukraine is not high, which is explained by the lack of scientifically substantiated recommendations for the cultivation of this crop in greenhouses. Therefore, the studies of the technology elements that would enhance basil productivity are relevant.
Plant productivity is known to depend on its photosynthetic activity mainly. Assimilative apparatus capacity and plant pigment complex influence directly the process of photosynthesis. However, the activity of pigment functioning has the determinative impact, its final product being the accumulated dry matter. Dry matter accumulation depends on many factors: cultivar, growing technology, environmental factors. Dynamics of dry matter accumulation can be considered as on of the factors that affect yield level.
Influence of basil seeds sowing terms on accumulation of dry and dry soluble matter; total sugars and level of titrated acidity is studied.
According to our research, content of dry (DM) and dry soluble (DSM) matter in basil greenery significantly varies depending on the cultivar, seed sowing terms, and cutting terms.
When analizing dry matter content depending on the cultivar, it can be seen from the table that the lowest amount of DM and DSM was accumulated by Badyory control cultivar – 11.06 %, 3.1 % of that being DSM. DM and DSM of Syaivo and Rutan cultivars was significantly higher by 4.1 % of DM and 22.6 % of DSM respectively for Syaivo cultivar and by 7.0 % of DM and 29.0 % of DSM respectively for Rutan cultivar.
When analyzing accumulation of dry matter by plants depending on seed sowing terms it can be seen that all cultivars accumulated somewhat less dry matter content (9.62-10.07 %) for March seed sowing term, indicating more favorable conditions for basil growth and development, as plants formed leaves of bigger size.
Each cutting of basil greenery was characterized by the increase of DM and DSM levels. Accumulation of energetically valuable substances took place up to the 4th cutting only for the plants of March sowing term, indicated by the increase of DSM level by 17.6 % for Badyory cultivar, 14.3 % for Rutan cultivar, and 8.9 % for Syaivo cultivar. Significant increase of DSM for plants of April sowing term was observed only up to the 3rd greenery cutting. Further increase of DM that was not accompanied by DSM increase indicates the accumulation of cellulose, tannins in the leaves and, thus, aging of the plant.
The research showed that at the moment of the 1st greenery cutting regardless of seed sowing term the most sugars were accumulated by Rutan and Syaivo cultivars: 0.50 g per 100 g and 0.46 g per 100 g respectively, while Badyory control cultivar accumulated only 0.34 g per 100 g.
It was determined that sugar level significantly varied depending on basil seed sowing terms. All basil cultivars accumulated the lowest amount of sugars for
February sowing term – 0.29 g per 100 g on average. Sugar level increased by 62.1 % and 89.7 % for March and April sowing term, respectively. Formation of each new yield was accompanied by the increase in sugar level in the greenery of all basil cultivars of March and April sowing terms.
Titrated acidity of basil greenery changed depending on seed sowing terms, cultivar, and yield cutting (during the process of plant growth). Titrated acidity for the cultivars was highest for Badyory – 1.17 %. Acidity of Rutan cultivar was
27.2 % lower, Syaivo – 11.4 % lower.
Titrated acidity of all cultivars at the moment of the first greenery cutting was 1.4 times higher for February seed sowing term, compared to March and April sowing terms. In turn, acidity of the plants sown in March and April did not significantly differ and was 0.91-0.94 %. The research shows that each consecutive yield is characterized by a lower level of titrated acidity.
Presence of sugars and organic acids in basil greenery condition its taste qualities, largely determined by sugar-acid index. The index was the lowest for February sowing term (0.21-0.27). Basil greenery of later seed sowing terms was characterized by higher value of this parameter.
Key words: basil, dry matter, sugars, titrated acidity, seed sowing terms.
 
О. Priss


I. Burdina


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AGROBIOLOGY №2 2017