Ecological aspects of regulation of spider mites number on vegetable crops in the greenhouses

Vegetable greenhouses make one of the leading sectors of agriculture in Ukraine, which allows to obtain high yields per unit area and provide the population with vegetable products all year round. A lot of pests like polyphagous, greenhouse whitefly, thrips, aphids, shovels, nematodes and mites cause great damage to vegetable crops in greenhouses. These kinds are eco-plastic, with high fertility and low mortality in greenhouse conditions.

Spider mites (class of arachnids – Arachnida, subclass mites – Acari, family acaricide – Acaridae) are widespread and dangerous pests in greenhouses, which feed on more than 200 different plants.

Conditions of greenhouses define the specificity of plants protections. A lot of cultivations(30-40 in a vegetation season), failure to comply with terms of waiting cause vegetables products pollution with pesticides and pests resistance to chemicals.

Consequently, the most effective method of plant protection against the pests is applications to biological preparations which can significantly reduce pesticide and receive stable yields of environmentally safe vegetable production.

The monitoring conducted during 2015-2016 in the greenhouses in Kiev region revealed three species of spider mites: common (Tetranychus urticae), red (T. cinnabarinus), and T. bimaculatus. among which the first two dominated.

It was found out that cucumbers planting were the most populated with spider mites (an average of 45.3 % of plants with an average number of 64.3 specimen / leaf), tomatoes – up to 24.5 % of the plants. Much less populated with mites were green crops (15.6 %) with an average amount of 14.5 specimen / leaf, though arugula planting in the spring – summer growing season were settled to 34.5-43.4 %, and the number reached to 34.5 specimen / plant.

Constant feed base, lack of natural predators, optimum temperature and humidity in greenhouses, as well as the ability to feed on various weeds are favorable factors for maintaining populations of spider mites during the growing season.

Assessment of the efficacy of biologics to protect vegetable crops from spider mites was made on the basis of monitoring with regard to the maximum period of their harm.

Double spraying of cucumbers with biological preparations hindered the development of spider mites by 65.5-72.3 % in the variants with Bitoksybazilyn in liquid and dry forms; 89.5 % – with Aktofit; on tomatoes the efficacy of biological preparations ranged 66.7 to 75 %.

The amount of herbivores on the green crops in experimental variants decreased by 65.2-73.4 %. Biological preparations Aversyktyn-C, Aktarofit and Matryn provide 100 % technical efficiency against mites on cucumbers, tomatoes and green crops.

It has been found out that at the beginning of the growing season mites colonize the plants rapidly on the periphery of greenhouses, near metal and heat radiators, then they settled throughout the greenhouse. Delays in treatment causes significant increase in mites population.

Strict adherence to approved standards and the multiplicity of treatments promotes longer preservation of efficiency of remedies and is one of the important ways to prevent the resistance.

Long-term studies show that if spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) prevail on vegetables plantations, biological preparation Aktofit 0.2 % c. e. provides effective reduction of its population. If populations of mites T. cinnabarinus and T. bimaculatus.dominate, the protection system should be improves as these species show a natural resistance to many acaricides including avermectines.

Key words: cucumbers, tomatoes, green crops, greenhouses, spider mites, biological preparations.

G. Tkalenko

Ju. Tkalenko

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Ecological aspects of regulation of spider mites number on vegetable crops in the greenhouses