You are here

Головна » 2019 » AGROBIOLOGY №2 2019

Biological activity of typical chernozemic soil under different systems of main tillage and crops fertilisation of a short crop rotation

The influence of four main tillage systems and four fertilization systems on biological reactivity of a plow layer of typical chernozemic soil under agrophytocenosis of five crops was investigated during four year research (2016–2019) of the stationary field grain row crop rotation. Loss of mass of flax linen in a plow layer of soil during two months of the study characterizing the intensity of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms under beard, beardless, differential and disc tillage made correspondingly 24.5; 22.7; 23.4 and 23.3 % – for soybeans; 16.3; 15.7; 15.9 and 16.2 % for winter wheat, 24.1; 22.8; 24.7 and 22.6 % – for sunflowers, 27.7; 24.1; 25.1 and 23.7 % – for spring barley, 21.9; 19.9; 22.4 and 19.0 % – for corn.

Steady surface and beardless tillage strengthen the differentiation of a plow layer according to the intensity indices of flax linen decomposing while the beard one tillage decreases. The most heterogenic plow layer was observed under beardless tillage; it was a bit lower under disk tillage in a crop rotation.

The intensity of flax linen decomposing on the top of a plow layer (0–10 cm) is the highest under beardless tillage and the lowest under beard tillage, while in the bottom (20–30 cm) of a plow layer an inverse relation can be observed.

The intensity of carbon dioxide production by the soil under soybeans, winter wheat and spring barley is the highest under beard tillage and the lowest it is for soybeans under beardless and differential tillage, for winter wheat, sunflowers and spring barley under beardless tillage and for corn under disc tillage. For sunflowers and corn this index is higher under differential rather than under beard tillage in a crop rotation.

The biological reactivity of a plow layer of a typical chornozemic soil increases as the  fertilizers application rates increase.

Crop rotation productivity is almost at the same level under beard and beard-beardless tillage in a crop rotation. Systematic beardless and surface disc tillage decreases this index significantly.

Key words: soil, crop, crop rotation, tillage, fertilizers, flax linen, carbon dioxide, plow layer, heterogeneity.

 

Prymak I. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-3469


Levandovska S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8485-6134


Panchenko O.


Panchenko I.


Voytovik M.


V. Karpenko


Martyniuk І.


Reference: 
1. Prymak, I.D. (2012). Teoretychni osnovy suchasnoho zemlerobstva [Theoretical foundations of modern agriculture]. Kyiv, Center for Educational Literature, pp. 373–380.
2. Pavlichenko, A.A. (2019). Produktyvnist plodozminnoi sivozminy zalezhno vid system osnovnoho obrobitku hruntu ta udobrennia u Pravoberezhnomu Lisostepu Ukraine: avtoref. dys... kand. s.-h. nauk: 06.01.01 [Performance of crop rotation crop rotation depending on the systems of basic tillage and fertilizers in the Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine: author. diss. Cand. of Agricultural sciences: 06.01.01]. Uman, pp. 9–11.
3. Shevchenko, M.V. (2015). Naukovi osnovy system obrobitku hruntu v polovykh sivozminakh Livoberezhnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy: avtoref. dys... dok. s.-h. nauk: 06.01.01 [Scientific bases of soil tillage systems in field crop rotations of the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine: author. diss. Doc. of Agricultural sciences: 06.01.01]. Dnipropetrovsk, 26 p.
4. Tsiuk, O.A. (2014). Teoretychne obgruntuvannia ta rozrobka systemy ekolohichnoho zemlerobstva v Lisostepu Ukrainy: avtoref. dys... dok. s.-h. nauk: 06.01.01 [Theoretical substantiation and development of the system of ecological agriculture in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: author. diss. Doc. of Agricultural sciences: 06.01.01]. Kyiv, 12 p.
5. Salnikov, S.M. (2016). Zmina rodiuchosti hruntu ta produktyvnist buriakiv tsukrovykh za riznykh system zemlerobstva v Pravoberezhnomu Lisostepu Ukrainy: avtoref. dys. kand. s.-h. nauk: 06.01.01 [Changes in soil fertility and sugar beet productivity in different farming systems in the Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine: abstract. diss. Cand. of Agricultural sciences: 06.01.01]. Kyiv, 11 p.
6. Kryzhanivskyi, V.H. (2016). Efektyvnist system osnovnoho obrobitku hruntu v lantsi piatypilnoi sivozminy horokh – pshenytsia ozyma – buriak tsukrovyi v umovakh Pravoberezhnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy: avtoref. dys. kand. s.-h. nauk: 06.01.01 [Efficiency of the basic tillage systems in the five-crop rotation link of peas – winter wheat – sugar beet in the conditions of the Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine: abstract. diss. Cand. of Agricultural sciences: 06.01.01]. Uman, 9 p.
7. Al – Dzhanabi Kasim, Toban Bazun. (2017). Rodiuchist hruntu ta produktyvnist pshenytsi ozymoi zalezhno vid yoho obrobitku i udobrennia v Prydunaiskomu Stepu Ukrainy: avtoref. dys... kand. s.-h. nauk: 06.01.01 [Fertility of soil and productivity of winter wheat depending on its cultivation and fertilization in the Danube steppe of Ukraine: author's diss. Cand. of Agricultural sciences: 06.01.01]. Kyiv, 26 p.
8. Tsyliuryk, O.I. (2014). Naukove obgruntuvannia efektyvnosti system osnovnoho obrobitku hruntu v korotkorotatsiinii sivozminakh Pivnichnoho Stepu Ukrainy: avtoref. dys. kand. s.-h. nauk: 06.01.01 [Scientific substantiation of efficiency of systems of basic tillage in short rotational rotations of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine: author. diss. Cand. of Agricultural sciences: 06.01.01]. Dnipropetrovsk, 40 p.
9. Bohatyr, L.V. (2015). Vplyv osnovnoho obrobitku hruntu ta udobrennia na biolohichnu aktyvnist osushuvanykh orhanohennykh gruntiv pid posivamy kukurudzy [Influence of basic tillage and fertilizers on biological activity of dried organogenic soils under maize crops]. Zb. nauk. prats Umanskoho natsionalnoho universytetu sadivnytstva [Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture]. Uman, UNUS, Issue 87, Part 1, Agronomy, 111 p.
10. Ieshchenko, V.O., Kaliievskyi, M.V., Kostohryz, P.V. (2009). Osnovnyi obrobitok hruntu pid yari kultury v lisostepovii zoni [The main cultivation of soil under the gullies of culture in the forest-steppe zone]. Uman, 200 p.
11. Borys, N.Ye. (2017). Produktyvnist kukurudzy za riznykh sposobiv osnovnoho obrobitku hruntu ta sivby v korotkortatsiinii sivozmini Pravoberezhnoho Lisostepu: avtoref. dys... kand. s.-h. nauk: 06.01.01 [Corn productivity in different ways of basic tillage and sowing in short-rotation crop rotation of the Right-bank Forest Steppe: abstract. diss. Cand. of Agricultural sciences: 06.01.01]. Chabany, 21 p.
12. Yeshchenko, V.O. (2014). Osnovy naukovykh doslidzhen v ahronomii [Fundamentals of scientific research in agronomy]. Vinnytsia, PE «TH «Edelweiss i K»», 332 p.
13. Barsukov, L.N. Zabavskaya, K.M. (1953). Izmenenie usloviy plodorodiya v razlichnyih prosloykah pahotnogo sloya v zavisimosti ot obrabotki [Change in fertility conditions in various layers of the arable layer depending on the processing]. Pochvovedenie [Soil science], no. 12, pp. 18–27.
14. Vilyams, V.R. (1946). Pochvovedenie. Zemledelie s osnovami [Soil science. Agriculture with the basics of soil science]. Moscow, Selhozgiz, 456 p.
15. Revutm, I.B. (1970). Nauchnyie osnovyi minimalnoy obrabotki pochvyi [Scientific Basics of Minimum Tillage]. Zemledelie [Agriculture], no. 2, pp. 17–23.
16. Prymak, I.D., Panchenko, O.B., Panchenko, I.A. (2018). Fermentatyvna aktyvnist hruntu za riznykh system osnovnoho obrobitku i udobrennia kultur korotkorotatsiinoi sivozminy v Pravoberezhnomu Lisostepu Ukrainy [Enzymatic activity of soil under different systems of basic tillage and fertilization of crops of short rotation crop rotation in the Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine]. Ahrarna nauka ta osvita v umovakh Yevrointehratsii: zb. nauk. prats. mizhnar. naukovo-prakt. konf. [Agrarian Science and Education in the Conditions of European Integration: Collection of Scientific Papers of International Scientific and Practical Conference]. Kamianets-Podilskyi, pp. 183–185.
17. Prymak, I.D., Panchenko, O.B., Panchenko, I.A. (2018). Mikrobiolohichna aktyvnist gruntu za riznykh system osnovnoho obrobitku v sivozmini Pravoberezhnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy [Microbiological activity of soil under different systems of basic tillage in crop rotation of the Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine]. Permakultura ta ekolohobezpechne zemlerobstvo. zb. materialiv prats. mizhnar. nauk.-prak. konf. [Permaculture and environmentally friendly agriculture: a collection of proceedings of an international scientific and practical conference]. Uzhhorod, pp. 116–118.
18. Prymak, I.D., Panchenko, О.В. (2015). Zmina mikrobnoho tsenozu chornozemu typovoho za riznykh system osnovnoho obrobitku gruntu i udobrennia u spetsializovanii zerno prosapnii sivozmini Tsentralnoho Lisostepu Ukrainy:
zb. nauk. pratsʹ Podilʹsʹkoho ahrarno-tekhnichnoho universytetu. [Change of microbial coenosis of chernozem typical of different systems of basic tillage and fertilizers in specialized grain of crop rotation of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: collection of scientific works of Podilsky Agrarian and Technical University]. Silskohospodarski nauky [Agricultural Sciences], Issue 23, pp. 4–14.
19. Prymak, I.D. (2017). Vplyv system osnovnoho obrobitku i udobrennia na vmist v grunti dostupnykh dlia roslyn elementiv zhyvlennia i produktyvnist polovoi sivozminy v Pravoberezhnomu Lisostepu Ukrainy [Influence of basic tillage systems and fertilizers on the soil nutrient content and productivity of field rotation in the Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine]. Ahrobiolohiia [Agrobiology], no. 2(135), pp. 16–24.
20. Prymak, I.D. (2019). Mekhanichnyi obrobitok hruntu: istoriia, teoriia, praktyka [Tillage: history, theory, practice]. Vinnytsia, Writings , pp. 149–150.
 
Download this article: 
AttachmentSize
PDF icon prymak_2_2019.pdf335.86 KB
YEAR: 
2019
AGROBIOLOGY №2 2019