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Sowing productivity and grain quality of winter triticale with the use of biological preparations
The article highlights the experimental results of research on the influence of pre-sowing seeds and crops treatment with biological preparations of fungicidal properties on crop productivity formation and the quality of winter triticale grain. The analysis of yield and quality of winter triticale grain showed that they changed depending on the type and methods of application of the researched preparations and weather conditions during the years of research. In 2021 when seeds were bacterised with «Melanoriz» and «Biozlak», there was a tendency to increase the yield level compared to the control by 0.4 and 0.3 t/ha respectively. Grain yield increment of 0.3–0.7 t/ha was obtained with the application of «Baktofit» biofungicide at the norms of 2.0–3.0 l/ha. A noticeable increase in yield occurred when spraying crops by «Baktofit» on the background of seed bacteriization with microbial preparations. In particular, for application 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 l/ha of biofungicide on the background of seed treatment by «Biozlak» the yield increased by 0.9, 1.2 and 1.4 t/ha, on the background of seed treatment by «Melanoriz» – on 1.0, 1.3 and 1.7 t/ha according to the «Baktofit» norms. The dependence of winter triticale yield formation on the type and methods of application of the studied preparations was also observed in 2022 and 2023. However, in these years it slightly decreased, which was due to weather conditions and the active development of pathogenic microbiota in the sowings. The studied preparations had a significant impact on the formation of winter triticale grain quality indicators, especially when used in combination (seed treatment and application during the growing season). In particular, the highest weight of 1000 grains (by 1.5–2.2 g more than the control) and grain weight (by 31.4–39.8 g/l more than the control) were formed by the application of «Baktofit» against the background of seed bacterisation with «Melanoriz». The highest content of protein and starch in winter triticale grain was noted for spraying crops with «Baktofit» on the background of pre-sowing seed bacteriization with «Melanoriz», which exceeded the control by 0.6–1.5 % and 6.4–7.1 % respectively.
Key words: productivity, grain quality, biological preparations, «Melanoriz», «Biozlak», «Baktofit», winter triticale.
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